Component 169: Biomass Gasifier

In This Topic

Component 169: Extended Coal-Gasifier

Specifications

Line connections
1	Oxidizing fluid inlet
2	Crude gas outlet
3	Water-/Steam inlet
4	Coal inlet
5	Ash subtraction
6	Oil inlet
7	Gas inlet
8	Heat extraction (to be specified)
9	Control input (for degree of coal gasification, if FGASN=2)

General User Input Values Characteristic Lines Physics Used Displays Example

General

This component maps a coal gasifier. As compared to the existing Component 96 this component 169 has the following extensions:

Additional possibility to use kernel expressions for most specification input.
When using thermodynamic equilibrium (FSPEC=0) the NASA CEA code is used which takes also pressure dependency is taken into consideration.
Calculation of raw gas temperature, composition and residual carbon.
Specification of carbon mass flow, residual carbon and raw gas outlet temperature, calculation of air and steam mass flow and the raw gas composition.
Distribution of sulfur on slag and fly dust, specification of the percentage of S, which is not converted in H2S, but instead lands up in the slag.
Specification of a heat loss (constant or relative to furnace heat output, constant in part-load) and of a gasifier cooling as fixed value (logic connection).

User Input Values

FSPEC	Handling of the water-gas reaction =0: Calculation of the outlet concentrations of H2, H2O, CO and CO2 from the water-gas reaction (using NASA CEA code) =1: Specification of the H2-concentration in XOUT, calculation of the remaining from the element balances =2: Specification of the H2O-concentration in XOUT, calculation of the remaining from the element balances =3: Specification of the CO-concentration in XOUT, calculation of the remaining from the element balances =4: Specification of the CO2-concentration in XOUT, calculation of the remaining from the element balances
XOUT	Outlet concentration (content by mass) as per the setting of FSPEC
FOUT	Handling of the formation of CH4, H2S, NH3 and Benzene =0: RCH4N, RH2SN, RNH3 and RBENZN are interpreted as reaction rates =1: RCH4N, RH2SN, RNH3 and RBENZN are interpreted as content by mass in the exhaust gas =2: RCH4N, RH2SN, RNH3 and RBENZN are interpreted asmolefraction in the exhaust gas
FCH4N	Flag for CH4 to C - ratio: =0: use Value RCH4N =1: use Expession ECH4N
RCH4N	CH4 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or CH4-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ECH4N	Expression for CH4 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for CH4-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FH2SN	Flag for H2S to S - ratio: =0: use Value RH2SN =1: use Expression EH2SN
RH2SN	H2S to S - ratio (at FOUT=0) or H2S-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
EH2SN	Expression for H2S to S - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for H2S-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FNH3N	Flag for NH3 to N - ratio: =0: use Value RNH3N =1: use Expression ENH3N
RNH3N	NH3 to N - ratio (at FOUT=0) or NH3-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ENH3N	Expression for NH3 to N - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for NH3-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FTAR1SUBST	Tar#1 Substance
FTAR1VAL	Flag for Tar#1 to C - ratio: =0: use Value RTAR1 =1: use Expression ETAR1
RTAR1	Tar#1 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or Tar#1-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ETAR1	Expression for Tar#1 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for Tar#1-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FTAR2SUBST	Tar#2 Substance
FTAR2VAL	Flag for Tar#2 to C - ratio: =0: use Value RTAR2 =1: use Expession ETAR2
RTAR2	Tar#2 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or Tar#2-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ETAR2	Expression for Tar#2 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for Tar#2-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FTAR3SUBST	Tar#3 Substance
FTAR3VAL	Flag for Tar#3 to C - ratio: =0: use Value RTAR3 =1: use Expession ETAR3
RTAR3	Tar#3 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or Tar#3-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ETAR3	Expression for Tar#3 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for Tar#3-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FTAR4SUBST	Tar#4 Substance
FTAR4VAL	Flag for Tar#4 to C - ratio: =0: use Value RTAR4 =1: use Expession ETAR4
RTAR4	Tar#4 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or Tar#4-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ETAR4	Expression for Tar#4 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for Tar#4-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FTAR5SUBST	Tar#5 Substance
FTAR5VAL	Flag for Tar#5 to C - ratio: =0: use Value RTAR5 =1: use Expession ETAR5
RTAR5	Tar#5 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or Tar#5-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
ETAR5	Expression for Tar#5 to C - ratio (at FOUT=0) or for Tar#5-concentration in the exhaust gas (as per FOUT)
FGASN	Type of specification of the degree of coal gasification: =0: Specification through the specification value RGASN =3: Specification through Expression EGASN =2: Specification through the control input 9 (to be specified as enthalpy on the logic line)
RGASN	Degree of coal gasification (if FGASN=0)
EGASN	Expression for Degree of coal gasification (if FGASN=3)
FSPECM	Type of specification of the mass flows Like in Parent Profile (Sub Profile option only) Expression =1: Only one mass flow is specified and the remaining are calculated =2: All the inlet mass flows are specified
M6MF	Share of the oil mass flow in the total fuel mass flow
M7MF	Share of the gas mass flow in the total fuel mass flow
FSFT	Type of specification of the shift-reaction =1: Use of the temperature of the exhaust gas T2 as the reaction temperature =2: Specification of the reaction temperature in the specified value TFRE =3: specification of the reaction constants in the specified value CWGS (for definition of CWGS see the explanations under "Explanations for the constant CWGS" in Component 50)
CWGS	Reaction constants for the shift reaction (Water-gas shift constants), if FSFT=3
TFRE	Freezing temperature for the shift-reaction, if FSFT=2
FOCN	Flag for Ratio of oxygen to carbon: =0: use Value ROCN =1: use Expession EOCN
ROCN	Ratio of oxygen to carbon: Molar ratio of the whole O (including O in the fuel and in the steam) to the whole C, The value must lie between 1 (CO) and 2 (CO2)
EOCN	Expression for Ratio of oxygen to carbon: Molar ratio of the whole O (including O in the fuel and in the steam) to the whole C, The value must lie between 1 (CO) and 2 (CO2)
FWM4N	Flag for Ratio of water/steam to fuel: =0: use Value RWM4N =1: use Expession EWM4N
RWM4N	Ratio of water/steam to fuel: Mass ratio between line 3 (steam inlet) and the sum of the lines 4, 6, 7 (fuel inlets)
EWM4N	Expression Ratio of water/steam to fuel: Mass ratio between line 3 (steam inlet) and the sum of the lines 4, 6, 7 (fuel inlets)
FFLAS	Flag for Fly-ash ratio: =0: use Value RFLAS =1: use Expession EFLAS
RFLAS	Fly-ash ratio: Distribution of ash on the raw-gas outlet and ash extraction RFLAS specifies the percentage of ash, which goes in the raw-gas Outlet.
EFLAS	Expression for Fly-ash ratio: Distribution of ash on the raw-gas outlet and ash extraction RFLAS specifies the percentage of ash, which goes in the raw-gas Outlet.
FCFA	Flag for Distribution of the (ungased) carbon on the raw-gas outlet: =0: use Value RCFA =1: use Expession ECFA
RCFA	Distribution of the (ungased) carbon on the raw-gas outlet and ash extraction RCFA specifies the percentage of carbon, which goes in the raw- gas outlet
ECFA	Expression for Distribution of the (ungased) carbon on the raw-gas outlet and ash extraction RCFA specifies the percentage of carbon, which goes in the raw- gas outlet
FQLOSS	Type of specification of the heat loss: =0: use Value QLOSS as the absolute heat loss =1: use Value QLOSS as the relative heat loss, with reference to the fuel heat brought in (mass flow * calorific value) =2: use Expession EQLOSS as the absolute heat loss =3: use Expession EQLOSS as the relative heat loss, with reference to the fuel heat brought in (mass flow * calorific value)
QLOSS	Heat loss (as per FQLOSS)
EQLOSS	Expression for Heat loss
DP12N	Absolute pressure drop (nominal)
TASHE	Slag temperature (line 5)
FMODE	Calculation mode =0: global (as set for the entire cycle) =1: local partial load (always partial load, even when the design mode is set for the cycle)
M1N	Mass flow of the oxidation agent (nominal)

The parameters markedin blueare reference quantities for the off-design mode. The actual off-design values refer to these quantities in the equations used.

Generally, all inputs that are visible are required. But, often default values are provided.

For more information on colour of the input fields and their descriptions see Edit Component\Specification values

For more information on design vs. off-design and nominal values see General\Accept Nominal values

Result values

ROC	Oxygen to carbon ratio
RWM4	Steam to coal ratio
RCWGS	Calculated water gas shift constant
RGAS	Carbon gasification
RCCH4	CH4-production (C in CH4/ C total)
RSH2S	H2S-production (S in H2S/ S total)
NCVCG	Crude gas-Net calorific value at 0°C
NCVFUEL	Net calorific value of natural gas at 0°C (average)
RQCGC	Energy ratio of natural gas to coal
RTEQ	Calculated equilibrium temperature
RQLOSS	Calculated heat loss
TR1	Equilibr. Tfor CO+H2O=CO2+H2
RFA	ratio of fuel mass flow to air mass flow
RFAST	stoichiometric ratio of fuel mass flow to air mass flow (i.e. the ratio required for complete combustion)
EQRAT	equivalence ratio = RFA / RFAST (according to https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/equivalence-ratio). An equivalence ratio EQRAT greater than 1 always indicates a fuel excess in the fuel-oxidant mixture, i.e. more fuel than required for a complete combustion (stoichiometric reaction), irrespective of which fuel and which oxidant are used, whereas ratios smaller than 1 indicate a lack of fuel or an equivalent oxidant excess in the mixture. Please note that the equivalence ratio relates to the air number λ as follows: λ= 1 / EQRAT.

Characteristic Lines

Characteristic 1
Name: CCSL
Title: Degree of gasification of C
Description: The degree of gasification depends on the quantity of air M1 supplied at connection 1. In addition

M1 is related to the air quantity in the nominal load case M1N and
RGAS to the degree of gasification in the nominal load case RGASN

RGAS/RGASN = f (M1/M1N) or RGAS = RGASN * f (M1/M1N)
X-axis M1/M1N
Y- axis 1 RGAS/RGASN

Characteristic 2
Name: CCH4
Title: CH4-conversion characteristic, CH4 production
Description: The proportion of the methane supplied at connection 4 that is used to generate methane (RCH4) depends on the quantity of air M1 supplied at connection 1. In addition

M1 is related to the air volume in the nominal load case M1N and
RCH4 to the carbon content for methane generation RCH4N supplied in the nominal load case

RCH4/RCH4N = f (M1/M1N) or RCH4= RCH4N * f (M1/M1N)
X-axis M1/M1N
Y- axis 1 RCH4/RCH4N

Characteristic 3
Name: CH2S
Title: H2S-conversion characteristic, H2S production
Description: The proportion of the sulfide supplied at connection 4 that is used to generate hydrogen sulphide (RH2S) depends on the quantity of air M1 supplied at connection 1. In addition

M1 is related to the air volume in the nominal load case M1N and
RH2S to the sulfide content for hydrogen sulphide generation RH2SN supplied in the nominal load case

RH2S/RH2SN = f (M1/M1N) or RH2S = RH2SN * f (M1/M1N)
X- axis 1 M1/M1N
Y- axis 1 RH2S/RH2SN

Characteristic 4
Name: CNH3
Title: NH3-conversion characteristic, NH3 production
Description: The proportion of the nitrogen supplied at connection 4 that is used to generate ammonia (RNH3) depends on the quantity of air M1 supplied at connection 1. In addition

M1 is related to the air volume in the nominal load case M1N and
RNH3 to the ammonia content for ammonia generation RNH3N supplied in the nominal load case

RNH3/RNH3N = f (M1/M1N) or RNH3 = RNH3N * f (M1/M1N)
X- axis 1 M1/M1N
Y- axis 1 RNH3/RNH3N

Characteristic 5
Name: CBENZ
Title: Benzene conversion characteristic, Benzene production
Description: The proportion of the carbon supplied at connection 4 that is used to generate benzene (RBENZ) depends on the quantity of air M1 supplied at connection 1. In addition

M1 is related to the air volume in the nominal load case M1N and
RBENZ to the carbon content for benzene generation RBENZN supplied in the nominal load case

RBENZ/RBENZN = f (M1/M1N) or RBENZ = RBENZN * f (M1/M1N)
X- axis 1 M1/M1N
Y- axis 1 RBENZ/RBENZN

Characteristics 6 to 10
Name: CTARn (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Title: Conversion-characteristics of the 5 tar substances TARn
Description: In Off-Design for each substance FTARnSUBST

with "FTARnVAL = 0 = Use value RTARn" the value RTARn or
with "FTARnVAL = 1 = Use expression ETARn" the value from ETARn

is multiplied by the y-value of the characteristic curve CTARn at y = M1/M1N.

TARn / (RTARn bzw. ETARn) = f (M1 / M1N) or TARn = (RTARn bzw. ETARn) * f (M1 / M1N)
X-Achse: M1/M1N
Y-Achse: TARn / (RTARn bzw. ETARn)

Physics Used

Equations

All Cases

Mass flows

--------------------

M1MF from gasification balance

M2MF from gasification balance

M3MF from gasification balance

M4MF = 1-M6MF-M7MF (user inputvalues)

M5MF from gasification balance

If FSPECM = 1:

M4 - M4MF/M1MF * M1 = 0

M6 - M6MF/M1MF * M1 = 0

M7 - M7MF/M1MF * M1 = 0

M2 - M2MF*M4 - M2MF*M6 - M2MF*M7 = 0

M3 - M3MF*M4 - M3MF*M6 - M3MF*M7 = 0

M5 - M5MF*M4 - M5MF*M6 - M5MF*M7 = 0

If FSPECM = 2:

M5 - M5MF*M4 - M5MF*M6 - M5MF*M7 = 0

M1 - M2 + M3 + M4 - M5 + M6 + M7

Pressures

----------

Design: P1 - P2 = DP12N

Partial load: M1R=M1/M1N

P1 - P2 = DP12N*M1R*M1R

P4 - P5 = 0

P6 - P5 = 0

P7 - P5 = 0

P1 - P4 = 0

P1 - P3 = 0

Enthalpies

--------------

T5 = TASHE

H5 = f(P5,T5)

If FQLOSS = 1:

QL = QLOSS

If FQLOSS = 2:

QL = QLOSS*(M4*NCV4+M6*NCV6+M7*NCV7)

M2*H2 - M1*H1 - M3*H3 - M4*H4 + M5*H5

- M6*H6 - M7*H7 + M8*H8 =

M4*NCV4-M2*NCV2-M5*NCV5+M6*NCV6

+M7*NCV7-QL

Component Displays

Display Option 1

Example

Click here >> Component 169 Demo << to load an example.

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